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exec_test.go (58489B)

    1 // Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
    2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
    3 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
    4 
    5 // Tests for template execution, copied from text/template.
    6 
    7 //go:build go1.13 && !windows
    8 // +build go1.13,!windows
    9 
   10 package template
   11 
   12 import (
   13 	"bytes"
   14 	"errors"
   15 	"flag"
   16 	"fmt"
   17 	htmltemplate "html/template"
   18 	"io"
   19 	"reflect"
   20 	"strings"
   21 	"sync"
   22 	"testing"
   23 
   24 	template "github.com/gohugoio/hugo/tpl/internal/go_templates/texttemplate"
   25 )
   26 
   27 var debug = flag.Bool("debug", false, "show the errors produced by the tests")
   28 
   29 // T has lots of interesting pieces to use to test execution.
   30 type T struct {
   31 	// Basics
   32 	True        bool
   33 	I           int
   34 	U16         uint16
   35 	X, S        string
   36 	FloatZero   float64
   37 	ComplexZero complex128
   38 	// Nested structs.
   39 	U *U
   40 	// Struct with String method.
   41 	V0     V
   42 	V1, V2 *V
   43 	// Struct with Error method.
   44 	W0     W
   45 	W1, W2 *W
   46 	// Slices
   47 	SI      []int
   48 	SICap   []int
   49 	SIEmpty []int
   50 	SB      []bool
   51 	// Arrays
   52 	AI [3]int
   53 	// Maps
   54 	MSI      map[string]int
   55 	MSIone   map[string]int // one element, for deterministic output
   56 	MSIEmpty map[string]int
   57 	MXI      map[any]int
   58 	MII      map[int]int
   59 	MI32S    map[int32]string
   60 	MI64S    map[int64]string
   61 	MUI32S   map[uint32]string
   62 	MUI64S   map[uint64]string
   63 	MI8S     map[int8]string
   64 	MUI8S    map[uint8]string
   65 	SMSI     []map[string]int
   66 	// Empty interfaces; used to see if we can dig inside one.
   67 	Empty0 any // nil
   68 	Empty1 any
   69 	Empty2 any
   70 	Empty3 any
   71 	Empty4 any
   72 	// Non-empty interfaces.
   73 	NonEmptyInterface         I
   74 	NonEmptyInterfacePtS      *I
   75 	NonEmptyInterfaceNil      I
   76 	NonEmptyInterfaceTypedNil I
   77 	// Stringer.
   78 	Str fmt.Stringer
   79 	Err error
   80 	// Pointers
   81 	PI  *int
   82 	PS  *string
   83 	PSI *[]int
   84 	NIL *int
   85 	// Function (not method)
   86 	BinaryFunc      func(string, string) string
   87 	VariadicFunc    func(...string) string
   88 	VariadicFuncInt func(int, ...string) string
   89 	NilOKFunc       func(*int) bool
   90 	ErrFunc         func() (string, error)
   91 	PanicFunc       func() string
   92 	// Template to test evaluation of templates.
   93 	Tmpl *Template
   94 	// Unexported field; cannot be accessed by template.
   95 	unexported int
   96 }
   97 
   98 type S []string
   99 
  100 func (S) Method0() string {
  101 	return "M0"
  102 }
  103 
  104 type U struct {
  105 	V string
  106 }
  107 
  108 type V struct {
  109 	j int
  110 }
  111 
  112 func (v *V) String() string {
  113 	if v == nil {
  114 		return "nilV"
  115 	}
  116 	return fmt.Sprintf("<%d>", v.j)
  117 }
  118 
  119 type W struct {
  120 	k int
  121 }
  122 
  123 func (w *W) Error() string {
  124 	if w == nil {
  125 		return "nilW"
  126 	}
  127 	return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", w.k)
  128 }
  129 
  130 var siVal = I(S{"a", "b"})
  131 
  132 var tVal = &T{
  133 	True:   true,
  134 	I:      17,
  135 	U16:    16,
  136 	X:      "x",
  137 	S:      "xyz",
  138 	U:      &U{"v"},
  139 	V0:     V{6666},
  140 	V1:     &V{7777}, // leave V2 as nil
  141 	W0:     W{888},
  142 	W1:     &W{999}, // leave W2 as nil
  143 	SI:     []int{3, 4, 5},
  144 	SICap:  make([]int, 5, 10),
  145 	AI:     [3]int{3, 4, 5},
  146 	SB:     []bool{true, false},
  147 	MSI:    map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3},
  148 	MSIone: map[string]int{"one": 1},
  149 	MXI:    map[any]int{"one": 1},
  150 	MII:    map[int]int{1: 1},
  151 	MI32S:  map[int32]string{1: "one", 2: "two"},
  152 	MI64S:  map[int64]string{2: "i642", 3: "i643"},
  153 	MUI32S: map[uint32]string{2: "u322", 3: "u323"},
  154 	MUI64S: map[uint64]string{2: "ui642", 3: "ui643"},
  155 	MI8S:   map[int8]string{2: "i82", 3: "i83"},
  156 	MUI8S:  map[uint8]string{2: "u82", 3: "u83"},
  157 	SMSI: []map[string]int{
  158 		{"one": 1, "two": 2},
  159 		{"eleven": 11, "twelve": 12},
  160 	},
  161 	Empty1:                    3,
  162 	Empty2:                    "empty2",
  163 	Empty3:                    []int{7, 8},
  164 	Empty4:                    &U{"UinEmpty"},
  165 	NonEmptyInterface:         &T{X: "x"},
  166 	NonEmptyInterfacePtS:      &siVal,
  167 	NonEmptyInterfaceTypedNil: (*T)(nil),
  168 	Str:                       bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("foozle")),
  169 	Err:                       errors.New("erroozle"),
  170 	PI:                        newInt(23),
  171 	PS:                        newString("a string"),
  172 	PSI:                       newIntSlice(21, 22, 23),
  173 	BinaryFunc:                func(a, b string) string { return fmt.Sprintf("[%s=%s]", a, b) },
  174 	VariadicFunc:              func(s ...string) string { return fmt.Sprint("<", strings.Join(s, "+"), ">") },
  175 	VariadicFuncInt:           func(a int, s ...string) string { return fmt.Sprint(a, "=<", strings.Join(s, "+"), ">") },
  176 	NilOKFunc:                 func(s *int) bool { return s == nil },
  177 	ErrFunc:                   func() (string, error) { return "bla", nil },
  178 	PanicFunc:                 func() string { panic("test panic") },
  179 	Tmpl:                      Must(New("x").Parse("test template")), // "x" is the value of .X
  180 }
  181 
  182 var tSliceOfNil = []*T{nil}
  183 
  184 // A non-empty interface.
  185 type I interface {
  186 	Method0() string
  187 }
  188 
  189 var iVal I = tVal
  190 
  191 // Helpers for creation.
  192 func newInt(n int) *int {
  193 	return &n
  194 }
  195 
  196 func newString(s string) *string {
  197 	return &s
  198 }
  199 
  200 func newIntSlice(n ...int) *[]int {
  201 	p := new([]int)
  202 	*p = make([]int, len(n))
  203 	copy(*p, n)
  204 	return p
  205 }
  206 
  207 // Simple methods with and without arguments.
  208 func (t *T) Method0() string {
  209 	return "M0"
  210 }
  211 
  212 func (t *T) Method1(a int) int {
  213 	return a
  214 }
  215 
  216 func (t *T) Method2(a uint16, b string) string {
  217 	return fmt.Sprintf("Method2: %d %s", a, b)
  218 }
  219 
  220 func (t *T) Method3(v any) string {
  221 	return fmt.Sprintf("Method3: %v", v)
  222 }
  223 
  224 func (t *T) Copy() *T {
  225 	n := new(T)
  226 	*n = *t
  227 	return n
  228 }
  229 
  230 func (t *T) MAdd(a int, b []int) []int {
  231 	v := make([]int, len(b))
  232 	for i, x := range b {
  233 		v[i] = x + a
  234 	}
  235 	return v
  236 }
  237 
  238 var myError = errors.New("my error")
  239 
  240 // MyError returns a value and an error according to its argument.
  241 func (t *T) MyError(error bool) (bool, error) {
  242 	if error {
  243 		return true, myError
  244 	}
  245 	return false, nil
  246 }
  247 
  248 // A few methods to test chaining.
  249 func (t *T) GetU() *U {
  250 	return t.U
  251 }
  252 
  253 func (u *U) TrueFalse(b bool) string {
  254 	if b {
  255 		return "true"
  256 	}
  257 	return ""
  258 }
  259 
  260 func typeOf(arg any) string {
  261 	return fmt.Sprintf("%T", arg)
  262 }
  263 
  264 type execTest struct {
  265 	name   string
  266 	input  string
  267 	output string
  268 	data   any
  269 	ok     bool
  270 }
  271 
  272 // bigInt and bigUint are hex string representing numbers either side
  273 // of the max int boundary.
  274 // We do it this way so the test doesn't depend on ints being 32 bits.
  275 var (
  276 	bigInt  = fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", int(1<<uint(reflect.TypeOf(0).Bits()-1)-1))
  277 	bigUint = fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", uint(1<<uint(reflect.TypeOf(0).Bits()-1)))
  278 )
  279 
  280 var execTests = []execTest{
  281 	// Trivial cases.
  282 	{"empty", "", "", nil, true},
  283 	{"text", "some text", "some text", nil, true},
  284 	{"nil action", "{{nil}}", "", nil, false},
  285 
  286 	// Ideal constants.
  287 	{"ideal int", "{{typeOf 3}}", "int", 0, true},
  288 	{"ideal float", "{{typeOf 1.0}}", "float64", 0, true},
  289 	{"ideal exp float", "{{typeOf 1e1}}", "float64", 0, true},
  290 	{"ideal complex", "{{typeOf 1i}}", "complex128", 0, true},
  291 	{"ideal int", "{{typeOf " + bigInt + "}}", "int", 0, true},
  292 	{"ideal too big", "{{typeOf " + bigUint + "}}", "", 0, false},
  293 	{"ideal nil without type", "{{nil}}", "", 0, false},
  294 
  295 	// Fields of structs.
  296 	{".X", "-{{.X}}-", "-x-", tVal, true},
  297 	{".U.V", "-{{.U.V}}-", "-v-", tVal, true},
  298 	{".unexported", "{{.unexported}}", "", tVal, false},
  299 
  300 	// Fields on maps.
  301 	{"map .one", "{{.MSI.one}}", "1", tVal, true},
  302 	{"map .two", "{{.MSI.two}}", "2", tVal, true},
  303 	{"map .NO", "{{.MSI.NO}}", "", tVal, true}, // NOTE: <no value> in text/template
  304 	{"map .one interface", "{{.MXI.one}}", "1", tVal, true},
  305 	{"map .WRONG args", "{{.MSI.one 1}}", "", tVal, false},
  306 	{"map .WRONG type", "{{.MII.one}}", "", tVal, false},
  307 
  308 	// Dots of all kinds to test basic evaluation.
  309 	{"dot int", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;13>", 13, true},
  310 	{"dot uint", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;14>", uint(14), true},
  311 	{"dot float", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;15.1>", 15.1, true},
  312 	{"dot bool", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;true>", true, true},
  313 	{"dot complex", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;(16.2-17i)>", 16.2 - 17i, true},
  314 	{"dot string", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;hello>", "hello", true},
  315 	{"dot slice", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;[-1 -2 -3]>", []int{-1, -2, -3}, true},
  316 	{"dot map", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;map[two:22]>", map[string]int{"two": 22}, true},
  317 	{"dot struct", "<{{.}}>", "&lt;{7 seven}>", struct {
  318 		a int
  319 		b string
  320 	}{7, "seven"}, true},
  321 
  322 	// Variables.
  323 	{"$ int", "{{$}}", "123", 123, true},
  324 	{"$.I", "{{$.I}}", "17", tVal, true},
  325 	{"$.U.V", "{{$.U.V}}", "v", tVal, true},
  326 	{"declare in action", "{{$x := $.U.V}}{{$x}}", "v", tVal, true},
  327 	{"simple assignment", "{{$x := 2}}{{$x = 3}}{{$x}}", "3", tVal, true},
  328 	{"nested assignment",
  329 		"{{$x := 2}}{{if true}}{{$x = 3}}{{end}}{{$x}}",
  330 		"3", tVal, true},
  331 	{"nested assignment changes the last declaration",
  332 		"{{$x := 1}}{{if true}}{{$x := 2}}{{if true}}{{$x = 3}}{{end}}{{end}}{{$x}}",
  333 		"1", tVal, true},
  334 
  335 	// Type with String method.
  336 	{"V{6666}.String()", "-{{.V0}}-", "-{6666}-", tVal, true}, //  NOTE: -<6666>- in text/template
  337 	{"&V{7777}.String()", "-{{.V1}}-", "-&lt;7777&gt;-", tVal, true},
  338 	{"(*V)(nil).String()", "-{{.V2}}-", "-nilV-", tVal, true},
  339 
  340 	// Type with Error method.
  341 	{"W{888}.Error()", "-{{.W0}}-", "-{888}-", tVal, true}, // NOTE: -[888] in text/template
  342 	{"&W{999}.Error()", "-{{.W1}}-", "-[999]-", tVal, true},
  343 	{"(*W)(nil).Error()", "-{{.W2}}-", "-nilW-", tVal, true},
  344 
  345 	// Pointers.
  346 	{"*int", "{{.PI}}", "23", tVal, true},
  347 	{"*string", "{{.PS}}", "a string", tVal, true},
  348 	{"*[]int", "{{.PSI}}", "[21 22 23]", tVal, true},
  349 	{"*[]int[1]", "{{index .PSI 1}}", "22", tVal, true},
  350 	{"NIL", "{{.NIL}}", "&lt;nil&gt;", tVal, true},
  351 
  352 	// Empty interfaces holding values.
  353 	{"empty nil", "{{.Empty0}}", "", tVal, true}, // NOTE: <no value> in text/template
  354 	{"empty with int", "{{.Empty1}}", "3", tVal, true},
  355 	{"empty with string", "{{.Empty2}}", "empty2", tVal, true},
  356 	{"empty with slice", "{{.Empty3}}", "[7 8]", tVal, true},
  357 	{"empty with struct", "{{.Empty4}}", "{UinEmpty}", tVal, true},
  358 	{"empty with struct, field", "{{.Empty4.V}}", "UinEmpty", tVal, true},
  359 
  360 	// Edge cases with <no value> with an interface value
  361 	{"field on interface", "{{.foo}}", "", nil, true},                  // NOTE: <no value> in text/template
  362 	{"field on parenthesized interface", "{{(.).foo}}", "", nil, true}, // NOTE: <no value> in text/template
  363 
  364 	// Issue 31810: Parenthesized first element of pipeline with arguments.
  365 	// See also TestIssue31810.
  366 	{"unparenthesized non-function", "{{1 2}}", "", nil, false},
  367 	{"parenthesized non-function", "{{(1) 2}}", "", nil, false},
  368 	{"parenthesized non-function with no args", "{{(1)}}", "1", nil, true}, // This is fine.
  369 
  370 	// Method calls.
  371 	{".Method0", "-{{.Method0}}-", "-M0-", tVal, true},
  372 	{".Method1(1234)", "-{{.Method1 1234}}-", "-1234-", tVal, true},
  373 	{".Method1(.I)", "-{{.Method1 .I}}-", "-17-", tVal, true},
  374 	{".Method2(3, .X)", "-{{.Method2 3 .X}}-", "-Method2: 3 x-", tVal, true},
  375 	{".Method2(.U16, `str`)", "-{{.Method2 .U16 `str`}}-", "-Method2: 16 str-", tVal, true},
  376 	{".Method2(.U16, $x)", "{{if $x := .X}}-{{.Method2 .U16 $x}}{{end}}-", "-Method2: 16 x-", tVal, true},
  377 	{".Method3(nil constant)", "-{{.Method3 nil}}-", "-Method3: &lt;nil&gt;-", tVal, true},
  378 	{".Method3(nil value)", "-{{.Method3 .MXI.unset}}-", "-Method3: &lt;nil&gt;-", tVal, true},
  379 	{"method on var", "{{if $x := .}}-{{$x.Method2 .U16 $x.X}}{{end}}-", "-Method2: 16 x-", tVal, true},
  380 	{"method on chained var",
  381 		"{{range .MSIone}}{{if $.U.TrueFalse $.True}}{{$.U.TrueFalse $.True}}{{else}}WRONG{{end}}{{end}}",
  382 		"true", tVal, true},
  383 	{"chained method",
  384 		"{{range .MSIone}}{{if $.GetU.TrueFalse $.True}}{{$.U.TrueFalse $.True}}{{else}}WRONG{{end}}{{end}}",
  385 		"true", tVal, true},
  386 	{"chained method on variable",
  387 		"{{with $x := .}}{{with .SI}}{{$.GetU.TrueFalse $.True}}{{end}}{{end}}",
  388 		"true", tVal, true},
  389 	{".NilOKFunc not nil", "{{call .NilOKFunc .PI}}", "false", tVal, true},
  390 	{".NilOKFunc nil", "{{call .NilOKFunc nil}}", "true", tVal, true},
  391 	{"method on nil value from slice", "-{{range .}}{{.Method1 1234}}{{end}}-", "-1234-", tSliceOfNil, true},
  392 	{"method on typed nil interface value", "{{.NonEmptyInterfaceTypedNil.Method0}}", "M0", tVal, true},
  393 
  394 	// Function call builtin.
  395 	{".BinaryFunc", "{{call .BinaryFunc `1` `2`}}", "[1=2]", tVal, true},
  396 	{".VariadicFunc0", "{{call .VariadicFunc}}", "&lt;&gt;", tVal, true},
  397 	{".VariadicFunc2", "{{call .VariadicFunc `he` `llo`}}", "&lt;he&#43;llo&gt;", tVal, true},
  398 	{".VariadicFuncInt", "{{call .VariadicFuncInt 33 `he` `llo`}}", "33=&lt;he&#43;llo&gt;", tVal, true},
  399 	{"if .BinaryFunc call", "{{ if .BinaryFunc}}{{call .BinaryFunc `1` `2`}}{{end}}", "[1=2]", tVal, true},
  400 	{"if not .BinaryFunc call", "{{ if not .BinaryFunc}}{{call .BinaryFunc `1` `2`}}{{else}}No{{end}}", "No", tVal, true},
  401 	{"Interface Call", `{{stringer .S}}`, "foozle", map[string]any{"S": bytes.NewBufferString("foozle")}, true},
  402 	{".ErrFunc", "{{call .ErrFunc}}", "bla", tVal, true},
  403 	{"call nil", "{{call nil}}", "", tVal, false},
  404 
  405 	// Erroneous function calls (check args).
  406 	{".BinaryFuncTooFew", "{{call .BinaryFunc `1`}}", "", tVal, false},
  407 	{".BinaryFuncTooMany", "{{call .BinaryFunc `1` `2` `3`}}", "", tVal, false},
  408 	{".BinaryFuncBad0", "{{call .BinaryFunc 1 3}}", "", tVal, false},
  409 	{".BinaryFuncBad1", "{{call .BinaryFunc `1` 3}}", "", tVal, false},
  410 	{".VariadicFuncBad0", "{{call .VariadicFunc 3}}", "", tVal, false},
  411 	{".VariadicFuncIntBad0", "{{call .VariadicFuncInt}}", "", tVal, false},
  412 	{".VariadicFuncIntBad`", "{{call .VariadicFuncInt `x`}}", "", tVal, false},
  413 	{".VariadicFuncNilBad", "{{call .VariadicFunc nil}}", "", tVal, false},
  414 
  415 	// Pipelines.
  416 	{"pipeline", "-{{.Method0 | .Method2 .U16}}-", "-Method2: 16 M0-", tVal, true},
  417 	{"pipeline func", "-{{call .VariadicFunc `llo` | call .VariadicFunc `he` }}-", "-&lt;he&#43;&lt;llo&gt;&gt;-", tVal, true},
  418 
  419 	// Nil values aren't missing arguments.
  420 	{"nil pipeline", "{{ .Empty0 | call .NilOKFunc }}", "true", tVal, true},
  421 	{"nil call arg", "{{ call .NilOKFunc .Empty0 }}", "true", tVal, true},
  422 	{"bad nil pipeline", "{{ .Empty0 | .VariadicFunc }}", "", tVal, false},
  423 
  424 	// Parenthesized expressions
  425 	{"parens in pipeline", "{{printf `%d %d %d` (1) (2 | add 3) (add 4 (add 5 6))}}", "1 5 15", tVal, true},
  426 
  427 	// Parenthesized expressions with field accesses
  428 	{"parens: $ in paren", "{{($).X}}", "x", tVal, true},
  429 	{"parens: $.GetU in paren", "{{($.GetU).V}}", "v", tVal, true},
  430 	{"parens: $ in paren in pipe", "{{($ | echo).X}}", "x", tVal, true},
  431 	{"parens: spaces and args", `{{(makemap "up" "down" "left" "right").left}}`, "right", tVal, true},
  432 
  433 	// If.
  434 	{"if true", "{{if true}}TRUE{{end}}", "TRUE", tVal, true},
  435 	{"if false", "{{if false}}TRUE{{else}}FALSE{{end}}", "FALSE", tVal, true},
  436 	{"if nil", "{{if nil}}TRUE{{end}}", "", tVal, false},
  437 	{"if on typed nil interface value", "{{if .NonEmptyInterfaceTypedNil}}TRUE{{ end }}", "", tVal, true},
  438 	{"if 1", "{{if 1}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "NON-ZERO", tVal, true},
  439 	{"if 0", "{{if 0}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  440 	{"if 1.5", "{{if 1.5}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "NON-ZERO", tVal, true},
  441 	{"if 0.0", "{{if .FloatZero}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  442 	{"if 1.5i", "{{if 1.5i}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "NON-ZERO", tVal, true},
  443 	{"if 0.0i", "{{if .ComplexZero}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  444 	{"if emptystring", "{{if ``}}NON-EMPTY{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  445 	{"if string", "{{if `notempty`}}NON-EMPTY{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "NON-EMPTY", tVal, true},
  446 	{"if emptyslice", "{{if .SIEmpty}}NON-EMPTY{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  447 	{"if slice", "{{if .SI}}NON-EMPTY{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "NON-EMPTY", tVal, true},
  448 	{"if emptymap", "{{if .MSIEmpty}}NON-EMPTY{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  449 	{"if map", "{{if .MSI}}NON-EMPTY{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "NON-EMPTY", tVal, true},
  450 	{"if map unset", "{{if .MXI.none}}NON-ZERO{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  451 	{"if map not unset", "{{if not .MXI.none}}ZERO{{else}}NON-ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  452 	{"if $x with $y int", "{{if $x := true}}{{with $y := .I}}{{$x}},{{$y}}{{end}}{{end}}", "true,17", tVal, true},
  453 	{"if $x with $x int", "{{if $x := true}}{{with $x := .I}}{{$x}},{{end}}{{$x}}{{end}}", "17,true", tVal, true},
  454 	{"if else if", "{{if false}}FALSE{{else if true}}TRUE{{end}}", "TRUE", tVal, true},
  455 	{"if else chain", "{{if eq 1 3}}1{{else if eq 2 3}}2{{else if eq 3 3}}3{{end}}", "3", tVal, true},
  456 
  457 	// Print etc.
  458 	{"print", `{{print "hello, print"}}`, "hello, print", tVal, true},
  459 	{"print 123", `{{print 1 2 3}}`, "1 2 3", tVal, true},
  460 	{"print nil", `{{print nil}}`, "&lt;nil&gt;", tVal, true},
  461 	{"println", `{{println 1 2 3}}`, "1 2 3\n", tVal, true},
  462 	{"printf int", `{{printf "%04x" 127}}`, "007f", tVal, true},
  463 	{"printf float", `{{printf "%g" 3.5}}`, "3.5", tVal, true},
  464 	{"printf complex", `{{printf "%g" 1+7i}}`, "(1&#43;7i)", tVal, true},
  465 	{"printf string", `{{printf "%s" "hello"}}`, "hello", tVal, true},
  466 	{"printf function", `{{printf "%#q" zeroArgs}}`, "`zeroArgs`", tVal, true},
  467 	{"printf field", `{{printf "%s" .U.V}}`, "v", tVal, true},
  468 	{"printf method", `{{printf "%s" .Method0}}`, "M0", tVal, true},
  469 	{"printf dot", `{{with .I}}{{printf "%d" .}}{{end}}`, "17", tVal, true},
  470 	{"printf var", `{{with $x := .I}}{{printf "%d" $x}}{{end}}`, "17", tVal, true},
  471 	{"printf lots", `{{printf "%d %s %g %s" 127 "hello" 7-3i .Method0}}`, "127 hello (7-3i) M0", tVal, true},
  472 
  473 	// HTML.
  474 	{"html", `{{html "<script>alert(\"XSS\");</script>"}}`,
  475 		"&lt;script&gt;alert(&#34;XSS&#34;);&lt;/script&gt;", nil, true},
  476 	{"html pipeline", `{{printf "<script>alert(\"XSS\");</script>" | html}}`,
  477 		"&lt;script&gt;alert(&#34;XSS&#34;);&lt;/script&gt;", nil, true},
  478 	{"html", `{{html .PS}}`, "a string", tVal, true},
  479 	{"html typed nil", `{{html .NIL}}`, "&lt;nil&gt;", tVal, true},
  480 	{"html untyped nil", `{{html .Empty0}}`, "&lt;nil&gt;", tVal, true}, // NOTE: "&lt;no value&gt;" in text/template
  481 
  482 	// JavaScript.
  483 	{"js", `{{js .}}`, `It\&#39;d be nice.`, `It'd be nice.`, true},
  484 
  485 	// URL query.
  486 	{"urlquery", `{{"http://www.example.org/"|urlquery}}`, "http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.org%2F", nil, true},
  487 
  488 	// Booleans
  489 	{"not", "{{not true}} {{not false}}", "false true", nil, true},
  490 	{"and", "{{and false 0}} {{and 1 0}} {{and 0 true}} {{and 1 1}}", "false 0 0 1", nil, true},
  491 	{"or", "{{or 0 0}} {{or 1 0}} {{or 0 true}} {{or 1 1}}", "0 1 true 1", nil, true},
  492 	{"boolean if", "{{if and true 1 `hi`}}TRUE{{else}}FALSE{{end}}", "TRUE", tVal, true},
  493 	{"boolean if not", "{{if and true 1 `hi` | not}}TRUE{{else}}FALSE{{end}}", "FALSE", nil, true},
  494 
  495 	// Indexing.
  496 	{"slice[0]", "{{index .SI 0}}", "3", tVal, true},
  497 	{"slice[1]", "{{index .SI 1}}", "4", tVal, true},
  498 	{"slice[HUGE]", "{{index .SI 10}}", "", tVal, false},
  499 	{"slice[WRONG]", "{{index .SI `hello`}}", "", tVal, false},
  500 	{"slice[nil]", "{{index .SI nil}}", "", tVal, false},
  501 	{"map[one]", "{{index .MSI `one`}}", "1", tVal, true},
  502 	{"map[two]", "{{index .MSI `two`}}", "2", tVal, true},
  503 	{"map[NO]", "{{index .MSI `XXX`}}", "0", tVal, true},
  504 	{"map[nil]", "{{index .MSI nil}}", "", tVal, false},
  505 	{"map[``]", "{{index .MSI ``}}", "0", tVal, true},
  506 	{"map[WRONG]", "{{index .MSI 10}}", "", tVal, false},
  507 	{"double index", "{{index .SMSI 1 `eleven`}}", "11", tVal, true},
  508 	{"nil[1]", "{{index nil 1}}", "", tVal, false},
  509 	{"map MI64S", "{{index .MI64S 2}}", "i642", tVal, true},
  510 	{"map MI32S", "{{index .MI32S 2}}", "two", tVal, true},
  511 	{"map MUI64S", "{{index .MUI64S 3}}", "ui643", tVal, true},
  512 	{"map MI8S", "{{index .MI8S 3}}", "i83", tVal, true},
  513 	{"map MUI8S", "{{index .MUI8S 2}}", "u82", tVal, true},
  514 	{"index of an interface field", "{{index .Empty3 0}}", "7", tVal, true},
  515 
  516 	// Slicing.
  517 	{"slice[:]", "{{slice .SI}}", "[3 4 5]", tVal, true},
  518 	{"slice[1:]", "{{slice .SI 1}}", "[4 5]", tVal, true},
  519 	{"slice[1:2]", "{{slice .SI 1 2}}", "[4]", tVal, true},
  520 	{"slice[-1:]", "{{slice .SI -1}}", "", tVal, false},
  521 	{"slice[1:-2]", "{{slice .SI 1 -2}}", "", tVal, false},
  522 	{"slice[1:2:-1]", "{{slice .SI 1 2 -1}}", "", tVal, false},
  523 	{"slice[2:1]", "{{slice .SI 2 1}}", "", tVal, false},
  524 	{"slice[2:2:1]", "{{slice .SI 2 2 1}}", "", tVal, false},
  525 	{"out of range", "{{slice .SI 4 5}}", "", tVal, false},
  526 	{"out of range", "{{slice .SI 2 2 5}}", "", tVal, false},
  527 	{"len(s) < indexes < cap(s)", "{{slice .SICap 6 10}}", "[0 0 0 0]", tVal, true},
  528 	{"len(s) < indexes < cap(s)", "{{slice .SICap 6 10 10}}", "[0 0 0 0]", tVal, true},
  529 	{"indexes > cap(s)", "{{slice .SICap 10 11}}", "", tVal, false},
  530 	{"indexes > cap(s)", "{{slice .SICap 6 10 11}}", "", tVal, false},
  531 	{"array[:]", "{{slice .AI}}", "[3 4 5]", tVal, true},
  532 	{"array[1:]", "{{slice .AI 1}}", "[4 5]", tVal, true},
  533 	{"array[1:2]", "{{slice .AI 1 2}}", "[4]", tVal, true},
  534 	{"string[:]", "{{slice .S}}", "xyz", tVal, true},
  535 	{"string[0:1]", "{{slice .S 0 1}}", "x", tVal, true},
  536 	{"string[1:]", "{{slice .S 1}}", "yz", tVal, true},
  537 	{"string[1:2]", "{{slice .S 1 2}}", "y", tVal, true},
  538 	{"out of range", "{{slice .S 1 5}}", "", tVal, false},
  539 	{"3-index slice of string", "{{slice .S 1 2 2}}", "", tVal, false},
  540 	{"slice of an interface field", "{{slice .Empty3 0 1}}", "[7]", tVal, true},
  541 
  542 	// Len.
  543 	{"slice", "{{len .SI}}", "3", tVal, true},
  544 	{"map", "{{len .MSI }}", "3", tVal, true},
  545 	{"len of int", "{{len 3}}", "", tVal, false},
  546 	{"len of nothing", "{{len .Empty0}}", "", tVal, false},
  547 	{"len of an interface field", "{{len .Empty3}}", "2", tVal, true},
  548 
  549 	// With.
  550 	{"with true", "{{with true}}{{.}}{{end}}", "true", tVal, true},
  551 	{"with false", "{{with false}}{{.}}{{else}}FALSE{{end}}", "FALSE", tVal, true},
  552 	{"with 1", "{{with 1}}{{.}}{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "1", tVal, true},
  553 	{"with 0", "{{with 0}}{{.}}{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  554 	{"with 1.5", "{{with 1.5}}{{.}}{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "1.5", tVal, true},
  555 	{"with 0.0", "{{with .FloatZero}}{{.}}{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  556 	{"with 1.5i", "{{with 1.5i}}{{.}}{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "(0&#43;1.5i)", tVal, true},
  557 	{"with 0.0i", "{{with .ComplexZero}}{{.}}{{else}}ZERO{{end}}", "ZERO", tVal, true},
  558 	{"with emptystring", "{{with ``}}{{.}}{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  559 	{"with string", "{{with `notempty`}}{{.}}{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "notempty", tVal, true},
  560 	{"with emptyslice", "{{with .SIEmpty}}{{.}}{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  561 	{"with slice", "{{with .SI}}{{.}}{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "[3 4 5]", tVal, true},
  562 	{"with emptymap", "{{with .MSIEmpty}}{{.}}{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  563 	{"with map", "{{with .MSIone}}{{.}}{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "map[one:1]", tVal, true},
  564 	{"with empty interface, struct field", "{{with .Empty4}}{{.V}}{{end}}", "UinEmpty", tVal, true},
  565 	{"with $x int", "{{with $x := .I}}{{$x}}{{end}}", "17", tVal, true},
  566 	{"with $x struct.U.V", "{{with $x := $}}{{$x.U.V}}{{end}}", "v", tVal, true},
  567 	{"with variable and action", "{{with $x := $}}{{$y := $.U.V}}{{$y}}{{end}}", "v", tVal, true},
  568 	{"with on typed nil interface value", "{{with .NonEmptyInterfaceTypedNil}}TRUE{{ end }}", "", tVal, true},
  569 
  570 	// Range.
  571 	{"range []int", "{{range .SI}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "-3--4--5-", tVal, true},
  572 	{"range empty no else", "{{range .SIEmpty}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "", tVal, true},
  573 	{"range []int else", "{{range .SI}}-{{.}}-{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "-3--4--5-", tVal, true},
  574 	{"range empty else", "{{range .SIEmpty}}-{{.}}-{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  575 	{"range []int break else", "{{range .SI}}-{{.}}-{{break}}NOTREACHED{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "-3-", tVal, true},
  576 	{"range []int continue else", "{{range .SI}}-{{.}}-{{continue}}NOTREACHED{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "-3--4--5-", tVal, true},
  577 	{"range []bool", "{{range .SB}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "-true--false-", tVal, true},
  578 	{"range []int method", "{{range .SI | .MAdd .I}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "-20--21--22-", tVal, true},
  579 	{"range map", "{{range .MSI}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "-1--3--2-", tVal, true},
  580 	{"range empty map no else", "{{range .MSIEmpty}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "", tVal, true},
  581 	{"range map else", "{{range .MSI}}-{{.}}-{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "-1--3--2-", tVal, true},
  582 	{"range empty map else", "{{range .MSIEmpty}}-{{.}}-{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "EMPTY", tVal, true},
  583 	{"range empty interface", "{{range .Empty3}}-{{.}}-{{else}}EMPTY{{end}}", "-7--8-", tVal, true},
  584 	{"range empty nil", "{{range .Empty0}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "", tVal, true},
  585 	{"range $x SI", "{{range $x := .SI}}<{{$x}}>{{end}}", "&lt;3>&lt;4>&lt;5>", tVal, true},
  586 	{"range $x $y SI", "{{range $x, $y := .SI}}<{{$x}}={{$y}}>{{end}}", "&lt;0=3>&lt;1=4>&lt;2=5>", tVal, true},
  587 	{"range $x MSIone", "{{range $x := .MSIone}}<{{$x}}>{{end}}", "&lt;1>", tVal, true},
  588 	{"range $x $y MSIone", "{{range $x, $y := .MSIone}}<{{$x}}={{$y}}>{{end}}", "&lt;one=1>", tVal, true},
  589 	{"range $x PSI", "{{range $x := .PSI}}<{{$x}}>{{end}}", "&lt;21>&lt;22>&lt;23>", tVal, true},
  590 	{"declare in range", "{{range $x := .PSI}}<{{$foo:=$x}}{{$x}}>{{end}}", "&lt;21>&lt;22>&lt;23>", tVal, true},
  591 	{"range count", `{{range $i, $x := count 5}}[{{$i}}]{{$x}}{{end}}`, "[0]a[1]b[2]c[3]d[4]e", tVal, true},
  592 	{"range nil count", `{{range $i, $x := count 0}}{{else}}empty{{end}}`, "empty", tVal, true},
  593 
  594 	// Cute examples.
  595 	{"or as if true", `{{or .SI "slice is empty"}}`, "[3 4 5]", tVal, true},
  596 	{"or as if false", `{{or .SIEmpty "slice is empty"}}`, "slice is empty", tVal, true},
  597 
  598 	// Error handling.
  599 	{"error method, error", "{{.MyError true}}", "", tVal, false},
  600 	{"error method, no error", "{{.MyError false}}", "false", tVal, true},
  601 
  602 	// Numbers
  603 	{"decimal", "{{print 1234}}", "1234", tVal, true},
  604 	{"decimal _", "{{print 12_34}}", "1234", tVal, true},
  605 	{"binary", "{{print 0b101}}", "5", tVal, true},
  606 	{"binary _", "{{print 0b_1_0_1}}", "5", tVal, true},
  607 	{"BINARY", "{{print 0B101}}", "5", tVal, true},
  608 	{"octal0", "{{print 0377}}", "255", tVal, true},
  609 	{"octal", "{{print 0o377}}", "255", tVal, true},
  610 	{"octal _", "{{print 0o_3_7_7}}", "255", tVal, true},
  611 	{"OCTAL", "{{print 0O377}}", "255", tVal, true},
  612 	{"hex", "{{print 0x123}}", "291", tVal, true},
  613 	{"hex _", "{{print 0x1_23}}", "291", tVal, true},
  614 	{"HEX", "{{print 0X123ABC}}", "1194684", tVal, true},
  615 	{"float", "{{print 123.4}}", "123.4", tVal, true},
  616 	{"float _", "{{print 0_0_1_2_3.4}}", "123.4", tVal, true},
  617 	{"hex float", "{{print +0x1.ep+2}}", "7.5", tVal, true},
  618 	{"hex float _", "{{print +0x_1.e_0p+0_2}}", "7.5", tVal, true},
  619 	{"HEX float", "{{print +0X1.EP+2}}", "7.5", tVal, true},
  620 	{"print multi", "{{print 1_2_3_4 7.5_00_00_00}}", "1234 7.5", tVal, true},
  621 	{"print multi2", "{{print 1234 0x0_1.e_0p+02}}", "1234 7.5", tVal, true},
  622 
  623 	// Fixed bugs.
  624 	// Must separate dot and receiver; otherwise args are evaluated with dot set to variable.
  625 	{"bug0", "{{range .MSIone}}{{if $.Method1 .}}X{{end}}{{end}}", "X", tVal, true},
  626 	// Do not loop endlessly in indirect for non-empty interfaces.
  627 	// The bug appears with *interface only; looped forever.
  628 	{"bug1", "{{.Method0}}", "M0", &iVal, true},
  629 	// Was taking address of interface field, so method set was empty.
  630 	{"bug2", "{{$.NonEmptyInterface.Method0}}", "M0", tVal, true},
  631 	// Struct values were not legal in with - mere oversight.
  632 	{"bug3", "{{with $}}{{.Method0}}{{end}}", "M0", tVal, true},
  633 	// Nil interface values in if.
  634 	{"bug4", "{{if .Empty0}}non-nil{{else}}nil{{end}}", "nil", tVal, true},
  635 	// Stringer.
  636 	{"bug5", "{{.Str}}", "foozle", tVal, true},
  637 	{"bug5a", "{{.Err}}", "erroozle", tVal, true},
  638 	// Args need to be indirected and dereferenced sometimes.
  639 	{"bug6a", "{{vfunc .V0 .V1}}", "vfunc", tVal, true},
  640 	{"bug6b", "{{vfunc .V0 .V0}}", "vfunc", tVal, true},
  641 	{"bug6c", "{{vfunc .V1 .V0}}", "vfunc", tVal, true},
  642 	{"bug6d", "{{vfunc .V1 .V1}}", "vfunc", tVal, true},
  643 	// Legal parse but illegal execution: non-function should have no arguments.
  644 	{"bug7a", "{{3 2}}", "", tVal, false},
  645 	{"bug7b", "{{$x := 1}}{{$x 2}}", "", tVal, false},
  646 	{"bug7c", "{{$x := 1}}{{3 | $x}}", "", tVal, false},
  647 	// Pipelined arg was not being type-checked.
  648 	{"bug8a", "{{3|oneArg}}", "", tVal, false},
  649 	{"bug8b", "{{4|dddArg 3}}", "", tVal, false},
  650 	// A bug was introduced that broke map lookups for lower-case names.
  651 	{"bug9", "{{.cause}}", "neglect", map[string]string{"cause": "neglect"}, true},
  652 	// Field chain starting with function did not work.
  653 	{"bug10", "{{mapOfThree.three}}-{{(mapOfThree).three}}", "3-3", 0, true},
  654 	// Dereferencing nil pointer while evaluating function arguments should not panic. Issue 7333.
  655 	{"bug11", "{{valueString .PS}}", "", T{}, false},
  656 	// 0xef gave constant type float64. Issue 8622.
  657 	{"bug12xe", "{{printf `%T` 0xef}}", "int", T{}, true},
  658 	{"bug12xE", "{{printf `%T` 0xEE}}", "int", T{}, true},
  659 	{"bug12Xe", "{{printf `%T` 0Xef}}", "int", T{}, true},
  660 	{"bug12XE", "{{printf `%T` 0XEE}}", "int", T{}, true},
  661 	// Chained nodes did not work as arguments. Issue 8473.
  662 	{"bug13", "{{print (.Copy).I}}", "17", tVal, true},
  663 	// Didn't protect against nil or literal values in field chains.
  664 	{"bug14a", "{{(nil).True}}", "", tVal, false},
  665 	{"bug14b", "{{$x := nil}}{{$x.anything}}", "", tVal, false},
  666 	{"bug14c", `{{$x := (1.0)}}{{$y := ("hello")}}{{$x.anything}}{{$y.true}}`, "", tVal, false},
  667 	// Didn't call validateType on function results. Issue 10800.
  668 	{"bug15", "{{valueString returnInt}}", "", tVal, false},
  669 	// Variadic function corner cases. Issue 10946.
  670 	{"bug16a", "{{true|printf}}", "", tVal, false},
  671 	{"bug16b", "{{1|printf}}", "", tVal, false},
  672 	{"bug16c", "{{1.1|printf}}", "", tVal, false},
  673 	{"bug16d", "{{'x'|printf}}", "", tVal, false},
  674 	{"bug16e", "{{0i|printf}}", "", tVal, false},
  675 	{"bug16f", "{{true|twoArgs \"xxx\"}}", "", tVal, false},
  676 	{"bug16g", "{{\"aaa\" |twoArgs \"bbb\"}}", "twoArgs=bbbaaa", tVal, true},
  677 	{"bug16h", "{{1|oneArg}}", "", tVal, false},
  678 	{"bug16i", "{{\"aaa\"|oneArg}}", "oneArg=aaa", tVal, true},
  679 	{"bug16j", "{{1+2i|printf \"%v\"}}", "(1&#43;2i)", tVal, true},
  680 	{"bug16k", "{{\"aaa\"|printf }}", "aaa", tVal, true},
  681 	{"bug17a", "{{.NonEmptyInterface.X}}", "x", tVal, true},
  682 	{"bug17b", "-{{.NonEmptyInterface.Method1 1234}}-", "-1234-", tVal, true},
  683 	{"bug17c", "{{len .NonEmptyInterfacePtS}}", "2", tVal, true},
  684 	{"bug17d", "{{index .NonEmptyInterfacePtS 0}}", "a", tVal, true},
  685 	{"bug17e", "{{range .NonEmptyInterfacePtS}}-{{.}}-{{end}}", "-a--b-", tVal, true},
  686 
  687 	// More variadic function corner cases. Some runes would get evaluated
  688 	// as constant floats instead of ints. Issue 34483.
  689 	{"bug18a", "{{eq . '.'}}", "true", '.', true},
  690 	{"bug18b", "{{eq . 'e'}}", "true", 'e', true},
  691 	{"bug18c", "{{eq . 'P'}}", "true", 'P', true},
  692 }
  693 
  694 func zeroArgs() string {
  695 	return "zeroArgs"
  696 }
  697 
  698 func oneArg(a string) string {
  699 	return "oneArg=" + a
  700 }
  701 
  702 func twoArgs(a, b string) string {
  703 	return "twoArgs=" + a + b
  704 }
  705 
  706 func dddArg(a int, b ...string) string {
  707 	return fmt.Sprintln(a, b)
  708 }
  709 
  710 // count returns a channel that will deliver n sequential 1-letter strings starting at "a"
  711 func count(n int) chan string {
  712 	if n == 0 {
  713 		return nil
  714 	}
  715 	c := make(chan string)
  716 	go func() {
  717 		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
  718 			c <- "abcdefghijklmnop"[i : i+1]
  719 		}
  720 		close(c)
  721 	}()
  722 	return c
  723 }
  724 
  725 // vfunc takes a *V and a V
  726 func vfunc(V, *V) string {
  727 	return "vfunc"
  728 }
  729 
  730 // valueString takes a string, not a pointer.
  731 func valueString(v string) string {
  732 	return "value is ignored"
  733 }
  734 
  735 // returnInt returns an int
  736 func returnInt() int {
  737 	return 7
  738 }
  739 
  740 func add(args ...int) int {
  741 	sum := 0
  742 	for _, x := range args {
  743 		sum += x
  744 	}
  745 	return sum
  746 }
  747 
  748 func echo(arg any) any {
  749 	return arg
  750 }
  751 
  752 func makemap(arg ...string) map[string]string {
  753 	if len(arg)%2 != 0 {
  754 		panic("bad makemap")
  755 	}
  756 	m := make(map[string]string)
  757 	for i := 0; i < len(arg); i += 2 {
  758 		m[arg[i]] = arg[i+1]
  759 	}
  760 	return m
  761 }
  762 
  763 func stringer(s fmt.Stringer) string {
  764 	return s.String()
  765 }
  766 
  767 func mapOfThree() any {
  768 	return map[string]int{"three": 3}
  769 }
  770 
  771 func testExecute(execTests []execTest, template *Template, t *testing.T) {
  772 	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
  773 	funcs := FuncMap{
  774 		"add":         add,
  775 		"count":       count,
  776 		"dddArg":      dddArg,
  777 		"echo":        echo,
  778 		"makemap":     makemap,
  779 		"mapOfThree":  mapOfThree,
  780 		"oneArg":      oneArg,
  781 		"returnInt":   returnInt,
  782 		"stringer":    stringer,
  783 		"twoArgs":     twoArgs,
  784 		"typeOf":      typeOf,
  785 		"valueString": valueString,
  786 		"vfunc":       vfunc,
  787 		"zeroArgs":    zeroArgs,
  788 	}
  789 	for _, test := range execTests {
  790 		var tmpl *Template
  791 		var err error
  792 		if template == nil {
  793 			tmpl, err = New(test.name).Funcs(funcs).Parse(test.input)
  794 		} else {
  795 			tmpl, err = template.Clone()
  796 			if err != nil {
  797 				t.Errorf("%s: clone error: %s", test.name, err)
  798 				continue
  799 			}
  800 			tmpl, err = tmpl.New(test.name).Funcs(funcs).Parse(test.input)
  801 		}
  802 		if err != nil {
  803 			t.Errorf("%s: parse error: %s", test.name, err)
  804 			continue
  805 		}
  806 		b.Reset()
  807 		err = tmpl.Execute(b, test.data)
  808 		switch {
  809 		case !test.ok && err == nil:
  810 			t.Errorf("%s: expected error; got none", test.name)
  811 			continue
  812 		case test.ok && err != nil:
  813 			t.Errorf("%s: unexpected execute error: %s", test.name, err)
  814 			continue
  815 		case !test.ok && err != nil:
  816 			// expected error, got one
  817 			if *debug {
  818 				fmt.Printf("%s: %s\n\t%s\n", test.name, test.input, err)
  819 			}
  820 		}
  821 		result := b.String()
  822 		if result != test.output {
  823 			t.Errorf("%s: expected\n\t%q\ngot\n\t%q", test.name, test.output, result)
  824 		}
  825 	}
  826 }
  827 
  828 func TestExecute(t *testing.T) {
  829 	testExecute(execTests, nil, t)
  830 }
  831 
  832 var delimPairs = []string{
  833 	"", "", // default
  834 	"{{", "}}", // same as default
  835 	"|", "|", // same
  836 	"(日)", "(本)", // peculiar
  837 }
  838 
  839 func TestDelims(t *testing.T) {
  840 	const hello = "Hello, world"
  841 	var value = struct{ Str string }{hello}
  842 	for i := 0; i < len(delimPairs); i += 2 {
  843 		text := ".Str"
  844 		left := delimPairs[i+0]
  845 		trueLeft := left
  846 		right := delimPairs[i+1]
  847 		trueRight := right
  848 		if left == "" { // default case
  849 			trueLeft = "{{"
  850 		}
  851 		if right == "" { // default case
  852 			trueRight = "}}"
  853 		}
  854 		text = trueLeft + text + trueRight
  855 		// Now add a comment
  856 		text += trueLeft + "/*comment*/" + trueRight
  857 		// Now add  an action containing a string.
  858 		text += trueLeft + `"` + trueLeft + `"` + trueRight
  859 		// At this point text looks like `{{.Str}}{{/*comment*/}}{{"{{"}}`.
  860 		tmpl, err := New("delims").Delims(left, right).Parse(text)
  861 		if err != nil {
  862 			t.Fatalf("delim %q text %q parse err %s", left, text, err)
  863 		}
  864 		var b = new(bytes.Buffer)
  865 		err = tmpl.Execute(b, value)
  866 		if err != nil {
  867 			t.Fatalf("delim %q exec err %s", left, err)
  868 		}
  869 		if b.String() != hello+trueLeft {
  870 			t.Errorf("expected %q got %q", hello+trueLeft, b.String())
  871 		}
  872 	}
  873 }
  874 
  875 // Check that an error from a method flows back to the top.
  876 func TestExecuteError(t *testing.T) {
  877 	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
  878 	tmpl := New("error")
  879 	_, err := tmpl.Parse("{{.MyError true}}")
  880 	if err != nil {
  881 		t.Fatalf("parse error: %s", err)
  882 	}
  883 	err = tmpl.Execute(b, tVal)
  884 	if err == nil {
  885 		t.Errorf("expected error; got none")
  886 	} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), myError.Error()) {
  887 		if *debug {
  888 			fmt.Printf("test execute error: %s\n", err)
  889 		}
  890 		t.Errorf("expected myError; got %s", err)
  891 	}
  892 }
  893 
  894 const execErrorText = `line 1
  895 line 2
  896 line 3
  897 {{template "one" .}}
  898 {{define "one"}}{{template "two" .}}{{end}}
  899 {{define "two"}}{{template "three" .}}{{end}}
  900 {{define "three"}}{{index "hi" $}}{{end}}`
  901 
  902 // Check that an error from a nested template contains all the relevant information.
  903 func TestExecError(t *testing.T) {
  904 	tmpl, err := New("top").Parse(execErrorText)
  905 	if err != nil {
  906 		t.Fatal("parse error:", err)
  907 	}
  908 	var b bytes.Buffer
  909 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, 5) // 5 is out of range indexing "hi"
  910 	if err == nil {
  911 		t.Fatal("expected error")
  912 	}
  913 	const want = `template: top:7:20: executing "three" at <index "hi" $>: error calling index: index out of range: 5`
  914 	got := err.Error()
  915 	if got != want {
  916 		t.Errorf("expected\n%q\ngot\n%q", want, got)
  917 	}
  918 }
  919 
  920 func TestJSEscaping(t *testing.T) {
  921 	testCases := []struct {
  922 		in, exp string
  923 	}{
  924 		{`a`, `a`},
  925 		{`'foo`, `\'foo`},
  926 		{`Go "jump" \`, `Go \"jump\" \\`},
  927 		{`Yukihiro says "今日は世界"`, `Yukihiro says \"今日は世界\"`},
  928 		{"unprintable \uFDFF", `unprintable \uFDFF`},
  929 		{`<html>`, `\u003Chtml\u003E`},
  930 		{`no = in attributes`, `no \u003D in attributes`},
  931 		{`&#x27; does not become HTML entity`, `\u0026#x27; does not become HTML entity`},
  932 	}
  933 	for _, tc := range testCases {
  934 		s := JSEscapeString(tc.in)
  935 		if s != tc.exp {
  936 			t.Errorf("JS escaping [%s] got [%s] want [%s]", tc.in, s, tc.exp)
  937 		}
  938 	}
  939 }
  940 
  941 // A nice example: walk a binary tree.
  942 
  943 type Tree struct {
  944 	Val         int
  945 	Left, Right *Tree
  946 }
  947 
  948 // Use different delimiters to test Set.Delims.
  949 // Also test the trimming of leading and trailing spaces.
  950 const treeTemplate = `
  951 	(- define "tree" -)
  952 	[
  953 		(- .Val -)
  954 		(- with .Left -)
  955 			(template "tree" . -)
  956 		(- end -)
  957 		(- with .Right -)
  958 			(- template "tree" . -)
  959 		(- end -)
  960 	]
  961 	(- end -)
  962 `
  963 
  964 func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
  965 	var tree = &Tree{
  966 		1,
  967 		&Tree{
  968 			2, &Tree{
  969 				3,
  970 				&Tree{
  971 					4, nil, nil,
  972 				},
  973 				nil,
  974 			},
  975 			&Tree{
  976 				5,
  977 				&Tree{
  978 					6, nil, nil,
  979 				},
  980 				nil,
  981 			},
  982 		},
  983 		&Tree{
  984 			7,
  985 			&Tree{
  986 				8,
  987 				&Tree{
  988 					9, nil, nil,
  989 				},
  990 				nil,
  991 			},
  992 			&Tree{
  993 				10,
  994 				&Tree{
  995 					11, nil, nil,
  996 				},
  997 				nil,
  998 			},
  999 		},
 1000 	}
 1001 	tmpl, err := New("root").Delims("(", ")").Parse(treeTemplate)
 1002 	if err != nil {
 1003 		t.Fatal("parse error:", err)
 1004 	}
 1005 	var b bytes.Buffer
 1006 	const expect = "[1[2[3[4]][5[6]]][7[8[9]][10[11]]]]"
 1007 	// First by looking up the template.
 1008 	err = tmpl.Lookup("tree").Execute(&b, tree)
 1009 	if err != nil {
 1010 		t.Fatal("exec error:", err)
 1011 	}
 1012 	result := b.String()
 1013 	if result != expect {
 1014 		t.Errorf("expected %q got %q", expect, result)
 1015 	}
 1016 	// Then direct to execution.
 1017 	b.Reset()
 1018 	err = tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(&b, "tree", tree)
 1019 	if err != nil {
 1020 		t.Fatal("exec error:", err)
 1021 	}
 1022 	result = b.String()
 1023 	if result != expect {
 1024 		t.Errorf("expected %q got %q", expect, result)
 1025 	}
 1026 }
 1027 
 1028 func TestExecuteOnNewTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 1029 	// This is issue 3872.
 1030 	New("Name").Templates()
 1031 	// This is issue 11379.
 1032 	// new(Template).Templates() // TODO: crashes
 1033 	// new(Template).Parse("") // TODO: crashes
 1034 	// new(Template).New("abc").Parse("") // TODO: crashes
 1035 	// new(Template).Execute(nil, nil)                // TODO: crashes; returns an error (but does not crash)
 1036 	// new(Template).ExecuteTemplate(nil, "XXX", nil) // TODO: crashes; returns an error (but does not crash)
 1037 }
 1038 
 1039 const testTemplates = `{{define "one"}}one{{end}}{{define "two"}}two{{end}}`
 1040 
 1041 func TestMessageForExecuteEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 1042 	// Test a truly empty template.
 1043 	tmpl := New("empty")
 1044 	var b bytes.Buffer
 1045 	err := tmpl.Execute(&b, 0)
 1046 	if err == nil {
 1047 		t.Fatal("expected initial error")
 1048 	}
 1049 	got := err.Error()
 1050 	want := `template: "empty" is an incomplete or empty template` // NOTE: text/template has extra "empty: " in message
 1051 	if got != want {
 1052 		t.Errorf("expected error %s got %s", want, got)
 1053 	}
 1054 
 1055 	// Add a non-empty template to check that the error is helpful.
 1056 	tmpl = New("empty")
 1057 	tests, err := New("").Parse(testTemplates)
 1058 	if err != nil {
 1059 		t.Fatal(err)
 1060 	}
 1061 	tmpl.AddParseTree("secondary", tests.Tree)
 1062 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, 0)
 1063 	if err == nil {
 1064 		t.Fatal("expected second error")
 1065 	}
 1066 	got = err.Error()
 1067 	if got != want {
 1068 		t.Errorf("expected error %s got %s", want, got)
 1069 	}
 1070 	// Make sure we can execute the secondary.
 1071 	err = tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(&b, "secondary", 0)
 1072 	if err != nil {
 1073 		t.Fatal(err)
 1074 	}
 1075 }
 1076 
 1077 func TestFinalForPrintf(t *testing.T) {
 1078 	tmpl, err := New("").Parse(`{{"x" | printf}}`)
 1079 	if err != nil {
 1080 		t.Fatal(err)
 1081 	}
 1082 	var b bytes.Buffer
 1083 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, 0)
 1084 	if err != nil {
 1085 		t.Fatal(err)
 1086 	}
 1087 }
 1088 
 1089 type cmpTest struct {
 1090 	expr  string
 1091 	truth string
 1092 	ok    bool
 1093 }
 1094 
 1095 var cmpTests = []cmpTest{
 1096 	{"eq true true", "true", true},
 1097 	{"eq true false", "false", true},
 1098 	{"eq 1+2i 1+2i", "true", true},
 1099 	{"eq 1+2i 1+3i", "false", true},
 1100 	{"eq 1.5 1.5", "true", true},
 1101 	{"eq 1.5 2.5", "false", true},
 1102 	{"eq 1 1", "true", true},
 1103 	{"eq 1 2", "false", true},
 1104 	{"eq `xy` `xy`", "true", true},
 1105 	{"eq `xy` `xyz`", "false", true},
 1106 	{"eq .Uthree .Uthree", "true", true},
 1107 	{"eq .Uthree .Ufour", "false", true},
 1108 	{"eq 3 4 5 6 3", "true", true},
 1109 	{"eq 3 4 5 6 7", "false", true},
 1110 	{"ne true true", "false", true},
 1111 	{"ne true false", "true", true},
 1112 	{"ne 1+2i 1+2i", "false", true},
 1113 	{"ne 1+2i 1+3i", "true", true},
 1114 	{"ne 1.5 1.5", "false", true},
 1115 	{"ne 1.5 2.5", "true", true},
 1116 	{"ne 1 1", "false", true},
 1117 	{"ne 1 2", "true", true},
 1118 	{"ne `xy` `xy`", "false", true},
 1119 	{"ne `xy` `xyz`", "true", true},
 1120 	{"ne .Uthree .Uthree", "false", true},
 1121 	{"ne .Uthree .Ufour", "true", true},
 1122 	{"lt 1.5 1.5", "false", true},
 1123 	{"lt 1.5 2.5", "true", true},
 1124 	{"lt 1 1", "false", true},
 1125 	{"lt 1 2", "true", true},
 1126 	{"lt `xy` `xy`", "false", true},
 1127 	{"lt `xy` `xyz`", "true", true},
 1128 	{"lt .Uthree .Uthree", "false", true},
 1129 	{"lt .Uthree .Ufour", "true", true},
 1130 	{"le 1.5 1.5", "true", true},
 1131 	{"le 1.5 2.5", "true", true},
 1132 	{"le 2.5 1.5", "false", true},
 1133 	{"le 1 1", "true", true},
 1134 	{"le 1 2", "true", true},
 1135 	{"le 2 1", "false", true},
 1136 	{"le `xy` `xy`", "true", true},
 1137 	{"le `xy` `xyz`", "true", true},
 1138 	{"le `xyz` `xy`", "false", true},
 1139 	{"le .Uthree .Uthree", "true", true},
 1140 	{"le .Uthree .Ufour", "true", true},
 1141 	{"le .Ufour .Uthree", "false", true},
 1142 	{"gt 1.5 1.5", "false", true},
 1143 	{"gt 1.5 2.5", "false", true},
 1144 	{"gt 1 1", "false", true},
 1145 	{"gt 2 1", "true", true},
 1146 	{"gt 1 2", "false", true},
 1147 	{"gt `xy` `xy`", "false", true},
 1148 	{"gt `xy` `xyz`", "false", true},
 1149 	{"gt .Uthree .Uthree", "false", true},
 1150 	{"gt .Uthree .Ufour", "false", true},
 1151 	{"gt .Ufour .Uthree", "true", true},
 1152 	{"ge 1.5 1.5", "true", true},
 1153 	{"ge 1.5 2.5", "false", true},
 1154 	{"ge 2.5 1.5", "true", true},
 1155 	{"ge 1 1", "true", true},
 1156 	{"ge 1 2", "false", true},
 1157 	{"ge 2 1", "true", true},
 1158 	{"ge `xy` `xy`", "true", true},
 1159 	{"ge `xy` `xyz`", "false", true},
 1160 	{"ge `xyz` `xy`", "true", true},
 1161 	{"ge .Uthree .Uthree", "true", true},
 1162 	{"ge .Uthree .Ufour", "false", true},
 1163 	{"ge .Ufour .Uthree", "true", true},
 1164 	// Mixing signed and unsigned integers.
 1165 	{"eq .Uthree .Three", "true", true},
 1166 	{"eq .Three .Uthree", "true", true},
 1167 	{"le .Uthree .Three", "true", true},
 1168 	{"le .Three .Uthree", "true", true},
 1169 	{"ge .Uthree .Three", "true", true},
 1170 	{"ge .Three .Uthree", "true", true},
 1171 	{"lt .Uthree .Three", "false", true},
 1172 	{"lt .Three .Uthree", "false", true},
 1173 	{"gt .Uthree .Three", "false", true},
 1174 	{"gt .Three .Uthree", "false", true},
 1175 	{"eq .Ufour .Three", "false", true},
 1176 	{"lt .Ufour .Three", "false", true},
 1177 	{"gt .Ufour .Three", "true", true},
 1178 	{"eq .NegOne .Uthree", "false", true},
 1179 	{"eq .Uthree .NegOne", "false", true},
 1180 	{"ne .NegOne .Uthree", "true", true},
 1181 	{"ne .Uthree .NegOne", "true", true},
 1182 	{"lt .NegOne .Uthree", "true", true},
 1183 	{"lt .Uthree .NegOne", "false", true},
 1184 	{"le .NegOne .Uthree", "true", true},
 1185 	{"le .Uthree .NegOne", "false", true},
 1186 	{"gt .NegOne .Uthree", "false", true},
 1187 	{"gt .Uthree .NegOne", "true", true},
 1188 	{"ge .NegOne .Uthree", "false", true},
 1189 	{"ge .Uthree .NegOne", "true", true},
 1190 	{"eq (index `x` 0) 'x'", "true", true}, // The example that triggered this rule.
 1191 	{"eq (index `x` 0) 'y'", "false", true},
 1192 	{"eq .V1 .V2", "true", true},
 1193 	{"eq .Ptr .Ptr", "true", true},
 1194 	{"eq .Ptr .NilPtr", "false", true},
 1195 	{"eq .NilPtr .NilPtr", "true", true},
 1196 	{"eq .Iface1 .Iface1", "true", true},
 1197 	{"eq .Iface1 .Iface2", "false", true},
 1198 	{"eq .Iface2 .Iface2", "true", true},
 1199 	// Errors
 1200 	{"eq `xy` 1", "", false},       // Different types.
 1201 	{"eq 2 2.0", "", false},        // Different types.
 1202 	{"lt true true", "", false},    // Unordered types.
 1203 	{"lt 1+0i 1+0i", "", false},    // Unordered types.
 1204 	{"eq .Ptr 1", "", false},       // Incompatible types.
 1205 	{"eq .Ptr .NegOne", "", false}, // Incompatible types.
 1206 	{"eq .Map .Map", "", false},    // Uncomparable types.
 1207 	{"eq .Map .V1", "", false},     // Uncomparable types.
 1208 }
 1209 
 1210 func TestComparison(t *testing.T) {
 1211 	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
 1212 	var cmpStruct = struct {
 1213 		Uthree, Ufour  uint
 1214 		NegOne, Three  int
 1215 		Ptr, NilPtr    *int
 1216 		Map            map[int]int
 1217 		V1, V2         V
 1218 		Iface1, Iface2 fmt.Stringer
 1219 	}{
 1220 		Uthree: 3,
 1221 		Ufour:  4,
 1222 		NegOne: -1,
 1223 		Three:  3,
 1224 		Ptr:    new(int),
 1225 		Iface1: b,
 1226 	}
 1227 	for _, test := range cmpTests {
 1228 		text := fmt.Sprintf("{{if %s}}true{{else}}false{{end}}", test.expr)
 1229 		tmpl, err := New("empty").Parse(text)
 1230 		if err != nil {
 1231 			t.Fatalf("%q: %s", test.expr, err)
 1232 		}
 1233 		b.Reset()
 1234 		err = tmpl.Execute(b, &cmpStruct)
 1235 		if test.ok && err != nil {
 1236 			t.Errorf("%s errored incorrectly: %s", test.expr, err)
 1237 			continue
 1238 		}
 1239 		if !test.ok && err == nil {
 1240 			t.Errorf("%s did not error", test.expr)
 1241 			continue
 1242 		}
 1243 		if b.String() != test.truth {
 1244 			t.Errorf("%s: want %s; got %s", test.expr, test.truth, b.String())
 1245 		}
 1246 	}
 1247 }
 1248 
 1249 func TestMissingMapKey(t *testing.T) {
 1250 	data := map[string]int{
 1251 		"x": 99,
 1252 	}
 1253 	tmpl, err := New("t1").Parse("{{.x}} {{.y}}")
 1254 	if err != nil {
 1255 		t.Fatal(err)
 1256 	}
 1257 	var b bytes.Buffer
 1258 	// By default, just get "<no value>" // NOTE: not in html/template, get empty string
 1259 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, data)
 1260 	if err != nil {
 1261 		t.Fatal(err)
 1262 	}
 1263 	want := "99 "
 1264 	got := b.String()
 1265 	if got != want {
 1266 		t.Errorf("got %q; expected %q", got, want)
 1267 	}
 1268 	// Same if we set the option explicitly to the default.
 1269 	tmpl.Option("missingkey=default")
 1270 	b.Reset()
 1271 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, data)
 1272 	if err != nil {
 1273 		t.Fatal("default:", err)
 1274 	}
 1275 	got = b.String()
 1276 	if got != want {
 1277 		t.Errorf("got %q; expected %q", got, want)
 1278 	}
 1279 	// Next we ask for a zero value
 1280 	tmpl.Option("missingkey=zero")
 1281 	b.Reset()
 1282 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, data)
 1283 	if err != nil {
 1284 		t.Fatal("zero:", err)
 1285 	}
 1286 	want = "99 0"
 1287 	got = b.String()
 1288 	if got != want {
 1289 		t.Errorf("got %q; expected %q", got, want)
 1290 	}
 1291 	// Now we ask for an error.
 1292 	tmpl.Option("missingkey=error")
 1293 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, data)
 1294 	if err == nil {
 1295 		t.Errorf("expected error; got none")
 1296 	}
 1297 	// same Option, but now a nil interface: ask for an error
 1298 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, nil)
 1299 	t.Log(err)
 1300 	if err == nil {
 1301 		t.Errorf("expected error for nil-interface; got none")
 1302 	}
 1303 }
 1304 
 1305 // Test that the error message for multiline unterminated string
 1306 // refers to the line number of the opening quote.
 1307 func TestUnterminatedStringError(t *testing.T) {
 1308 	_, err := New("X").Parse("hello\n\n{{`unterminated\n\n\n\n}}\n some more\n\n")
 1309 	if err == nil {
 1310 		t.Fatal("expected error")
 1311 	}
 1312 	str := err.Error()
 1313 	if !strings.Contains(str, "X:3: unterminated raw quoted string") {
 1314 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", str)
 1315 	}
 1316 }
 1317 
 1318 const alwaysErrorText = "always be failing"
 1319 
 1320 var alwaysError = errors.New(alwaysErrorText)
 1321 
 1322 type ErrorWriter int
 1323 
 1324 func (e ErrorWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
 1325 	return 0, alwaysError
 1326 }
 1327 
 1328 func TestExecuteGivesExecError(t *testing.T) {
 1329 	// First, a non-execution error shouldn't be an ExecError.
 1330 	tmpl, err := New("X").Parse("hello")
 1331 	if err != nil {
 1332 		t.Fatal(err)
 1333 	}
 1334 	err = tmpl.Execute(ErrorWriter(0), 0)
 1335 	if err == nil {
 1336 		t.Fatal("expected error; got none")
 1337 	}
 1338 	if err.Error() != alwaysErrorText {
 1339 		t.Errorf("expected %q error; got %q", alwaysErrorText, err)
 1340 	}
 1341 	// This one should be an ExecError.
 1342 	tmpl, err = New("X").Parse("hello, {{.X.Y}}")
 1343 	if err != nil {
 1344 		t.Fatal(err)
 1345 	}
 1346 	err = tmpl.Execute(io.Discard, 0)
 1347 	if err == nil {
 1348 		t.Fatal("expected error; got none")
 1349 	}
 1350 	eerr, ok := err.(template.ExecError)
 1351 	if !ok {
 1352 		t.Fatalf("did not expect ExecError %s", eerr)
 1353 	}
 1354 	expect := "field X in type int"
 1355 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expect) {
 1356 		t.Errorf("expected %q; got %q", expect, err)
 1357 	}
 1358 }
 1359 
 1360 func funcNameTestFunc() int {
 1361 	return 0
 1362 }
 1363 
 1364 func TestGoodFuncNames(t *testing.T) {
 1365 	names := []string{
 1366 		"_",
 1367 		"a",
 1368 		"a1",
 1369 		"a1",
 1370 		"Ӵ",
 1371 	}
 1372 	for _, name := range names {
 1373 		tmpl := New("X").Funcs(
 1374 			FuncMap{
 1375 				name: funcNameTestFunc,
 1376 			},
 1377 		)
 1378 		if tmpl == nil {
 1379 			t.Fatalf("nil result for %q", name)
 1380 		}
 1381 	}
 1382 }
 1383 
 1384 func TestBadFuncNames(t *testing.T) {
 1385 	names := []string{
 1386 		"",
 1387 		"2",
 1388 		"a-b",
 1389 	}
 1390 	for _, name := range names {
 1391 		testBadFuncName(name, t)
 1392 	}
 1393 }
 1394 
 1395 func testBadFuncName(name string, t *testing.T) {
 1396 	t.Helper()
 1397 	defer func() {
 1398 		recover()
 1399 	}()
 1400 	New("X").Funcs(
 1401 		FuncMap{
 1402 			name: funcNameTestFunc,
 1403 		},
 1404 	)
 1405 	// If we get here, the name did not cause a panic, which is how Funcs
 1406 	// reports an error.
 1407 	t.Errorf("%q succeeded incorrectly as function name", name)
 1408 }
 1409 
 1410 func TestBlock(t *testing.T) {
 1411 	const (
 1412 		input   = `a({{block "inner" .}}bar({{.}})baz{{end}})b`
 1413 		want    = `a(bar(hello)baz)b`
 1414 		overlay = `{{define "inner"}}foo({{.}})bar{{end}}`
 1415 		want2   = `a(foo(goodbye)bar)b`
 1416 	)
 1417 	tmpl, err := New("outer").Parse(input)
 1418 	if err != nil {
 1419 		t.Fatal(err)
 1420 	}
 1421 	tmpl2, err := Must(tmpl.Clone()).Parse(overlay)
 1422 	if err != nil {
 1423 		t.Fatal(err)
 1424 	}
 1425 
 1426 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 1427 	if err := tmpl.Execute(&buf, "hello"); err != nil {
 1428 		t.Fatal(err)
 1429 	}
 1430 	if got := buf.String(); got != want {
 1431 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
 1432 	}
 1433 
 1434 	buf.Reset()
 1435 	if err := tmpl2.Execute(&buf, "goodbye"); err != nil {
 1436 		t.Fatal(err)
 1437 	}
 1438 	if got := buf.String(); got != want2 {
 1439 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want2)
 1440 	}
 1441 }
 1442 
 1443 func TestEvalFieldErrors(t *testing.T) {
 1444 	tests := []struct {
 1445 		name, src string
 1446 		value     any
 1447 		want      string
 1448 	}{
 1449 		{
 1450 			// Check that calling an invalid field on nil pointer
 1451 			// prints a field error instead of a distracting nil
 1452 			// pointer error. https://golang.org/issue/15125
 1453 			"MissingFieldOnNil",
 1454 			"{{.MissingField}}",
 1455 			(*T)(nil),
 1456 			"can't evaluate field MissingField in type *template.T",
 1457 		},
 1458 		{
 1459 			"MissingFieldOnNonNil",
 1460 			"{{.MissingField}}",
 1461 			&T{},
 1462 			"can't evaluate field MissingField in type *template.T",
 1463 		},
 1464 		{
 1465 			"ExistingFieldOnNil",
 1466 			"{{.X}}",
 1467 			(*T)(nil),
 1468 			"nil pointer evaluating *template.T.X",
 1469 		},
 1470 		{
 1471 			"MissingKeyOnNilMap",
 1472 			"{{.MissingKey}}",
 1473 			(*map[string]string)(nil),
 1474 			"nil pointer evaluating *map[string]string.MissingKey",
 1475 		},
 1476 		{
 1477 			"MissingKeyOnNilMapPtr",
 1478 			"{{.MissingKey}}",
 1479 			(*map[string]string)(nil),
 1480 			"nil pointer evaluating *map[string]string.MissingKey",
 1481 		},
 1482 		{
 1483 			"MissingKeyOnMapPtrToNil",
 1484 			"{{.MissingKey}}",
 1485 			&map[string]string{},
 1486 			"<nil>",
 1487 		},
 1488 	}
 1489 	for _, tc := range tests {
 1490 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 1491 			tmpl := Must(New("tmpl").Parse(tc.src))
 1492 			err := tmpl.Execute(io.Discard, tc.value)
 1493 			got := "<nil>"
 1494 			if err != nil {
 1495 				got = err.Error()
 1496 			}
 1497 			if !strings.HasSuffix(got, tc.want) {
 1498 				t.Fatalf("got error %q, want %q", got, tc.want)
 1499 			}
 1500 		})
 1501 	}
 1502 }
 1503 
 1504 func TestMaxExecDepth(t *testing.T) {
 1505 	if testing.Short() {
 1506 		t.Skip("skipping in -short mode")
 1507 	}
 1508 	tmpl := Must(New("tmpl").Parse(`{{template "tmpl" .}}`))
 1509 	err := tmpl.Execute(io.Discard, nil)
 1510 	got := "<nil>"
 1511 	if err != nil {
 1512 		got = err.Error()
 1513 	}
 1514 	const want = "exceeded maximum template depth"
 1515 	if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
 1516 		t.Errorf("got error %q; want %q", got, want)
 1517 	}
 1518 }
 1519 
 1520 func TestAddrOfIndex(t *testing.T) {
 1521 	// golang.org/issue/14916.
 1522 	// Before index worked on reflect.Values, the .String could not be
 1523 	// found on the (incorrectly unaddressable) V value,
 1524 	// in contrast to range, which worked fine.
 1525 	// Also testing that passing a reflect.Value to tmpl.Execute works.
 1526 	texts := []string{
 1527 		`{{range .}}{{.String}}{{end}}`,
 1528 		`{{with index . 0}}{{.String}}{{end}}`,
 1529 	}
 1530 	for _, text := range texts {
 1531 		tmpl := Must(New("tmpl").Parse(text))
 1532 		var buf bytes.Buffer
 1533 		err := tmpl.Execute(&buf, reflect.ValueOf([]V{{1}}))
 1534 		if err != nil {
 1535 			t.Fatalf("%s: Execute: %v", text, err)
 1536 		}
 1537 		if buf.String() != "&lt;1&gt;" {
 1538 			t.Fatalf("%s: template output = %q, want %q", text, &buf, "&lt;1&gt;")
 1539 		}
 1540 	}
 1541 }
 1542 
 1543 func TestInterfaceValues(t *testing.T) {
 1544 	// golang.org/issue/17714.
 1545 	// Before index worked on reflect.Values, interface values
 1546 	// were always implicitly promoted to the underlying value,
 1547 	// except that nil interfaces were promoted to the zero reflect.Value.
 1548 	// Eliminating a round trip to interface{} and back to reflect.Value
 1549 	// eliminated this promotion, breaking these cases.
 1550 	tests := []struct {
 1551 		text string
 1552 		out  string
 1553 	}{
 1554 		{`{{index .Nil 1}}`, "ERROR: index of untyped nil"},
 1555 		{`{{index .Slice 2}}`, "2"},
 1556 		{`{{index .Slice .Two}}`, "2"},
 1557 		{`{{call .Nil 1}}`, "ERROR: call of nil"},
 1558 		{`{{call .PlusOne 1}}`, "2"},
 1559 		{`{{call .PlusOne .One}}`, "2"},
 1560 		{`{{and (index .Slice 0) true}}`, "0"},
 1561 		{`{{and .Zero true}}`, "0"},
 1562 		{`{{and (index .Slice 1) false}}`, "false"},
 1563 		{`{{and .One false}}`, "false"},
 1564 		{`{{or (index .Slice 0) false}}`, "false"},
 1565 		{`{{or .Zero false}}`, "false"},
 1566 		{`{{or (index .Slice 1) true}}`, "1"},
 1567 		{`{{or .One true}}`, "1"},
 1568 		{`{{not (index .Slice 0)}}`, "true"},
 1569 		{`{{not .Zero}}`, "true"},
 1570 		{`{{not (index .Slice 1)}}`, "false"},
 1571 		{`{{not .One}}`, "false"},
 1572 		{`{{eq (index .Slice 0) .Zero}}`, "true"},
 1573 		{`{{eq (index .Slice 1) .One}}`, "true"},
 1574 		{`{{ne (index .Slice 0) .Zero}}`, "false"},
 1575 		{`{{ne (index .Slice 1) .One}}`, "false"},
 1576 		{`{{ge (index .Slice 0) .One}}`, "false"},
 1577 		{`{{ge (index .Slice 1) .Zero}}`, "true"},
 1578 		{`{{gt (index .Slice 0) .One}}`, "false"},
 1579 		{`{{gt (index .Slice 1) .Zero}}`, "true"},
 1580 		{`{{le (index .Slice 0) .One}}`, "true"},
 1581 		{`{{le (index .Slice 1) .Zero}}`, "false"},
 1582 		{`{{lt (index .Slice 0) .One}}`, "true"},
 1583 		{`{{lt (index .Slice 1) .Zero}}`, "false"},
 1584 	}
 1585 
 1586 	for _, tt := range tests {
 1587 		tmpl := Must(New("tmpl").Parse(tt.text))
 1588 		var buf bytes.Buffer
 1589 		err := tmpl.Execute(&buf, map[string]any{
 1590 			"PlusOne": func(n int) int {
 1591 				return n + 1
 1592 			},
 1593 			"Slice": []int{0, 1, 2, 3},
 1594 			"One":   1,
 1595 			"Two":   2,
 1596 			"Nil":   nil,
 1597 			"Zero":  0,
 1598 		})
 1599 		if strings.HasPrefix(tt.out, "ERROR:") {
 1600 			e := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(tt.out, "ERROR:"))
 1601 			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), e) {
 1602 				t.Errorf("%s: Execute: %v, want error %q", tt.text, err, e)
 1603 			}
 1604 			continue
 1605 		}
 1606 		if err != nil {
 1607 			t.Errorf("%s: Execute: %v", tt.text, err)
 1608 			continue
 1609 		}
 1610 		if buf.String() != tt.out {
 1611 			t.Errorf("%s: template output = %q, want %q", tt.text, &buf, tt.out)
 1612 		}
 1613 	}
 1614 }
 1615 
 1616 // Check that panics during calls are recovered and returned as errors.
 1617 func TestExecutePanicDuringCall(t *testing.T) {
 1618 	funcs := map[string]any{
 1619 		"doPanic": func() string {
 1620 			panic("custom panic string")
 1621 		},
 1622 	}
 1623 	tests := []struct {
 1624 		name    string
 1625 		input   string
 1626 		data    any
 1627 		wantErr string
 1628 	}{
 1629 		{
 1630 			"direct func call panics",
 1631 			"{{doPanic}}", (*T)(nil),
 1632 			`template: t:1:2: executing "t" at <doPanic>: error calling doPanic: custom panic string`,
 1633 		},
 1634 		{
 1635 			"indirect func call panics",
 1636 			"{{call doPanic}}", (*T)(nil),
 1637 			`template: t:1:7: executing "t" at <doPanic>: error calling doPanic: custom panic string`,
 1638 		},
 1639 		{
 1640 			"direct method call panics",
 1641 			"{{.GetU}}", (*T)(nil),
 1642 			`template: t:1:2: executing "t" at <.GetU>: error calling GetU: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference`,
 1643 		},
 1644 		{
 1645 			"indirect method call panics",
 1646 			"{{call .GetU}}", (*T)(nil),
 1647 			`template: t:1:7: executing "t" at <.GetU>: error calling GetU: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference`,
 1648 		},
 1649 		{
 1650 			"func field call panics",
 1651 			"{{call .PanicFunc}}", tVal,
 1652 			`template: t:1:2: executing "t" at <call .PanicFunc>: error calling call: test panic`,
 1653 		},
 1654 		{
 1655 			"method call on nil interface",
 1656 			"{{.NonEmptyInterfaceNil.Method0}}", tVal,
 1657 			`template: t:1:23: executing "t" at <.NonEmptyInterfaceNil.Method0>: nil pointer evaluating template.I.Method0`,
 1658 		},
 1659 	}
 1660 	for _, tc := range tests {
 1661 		b := new(bytes.Buffer)
 1662 		tmpl, err := New("t").Funcs(funcs).Parse(tc.input)
 1663 		if err != nil {
 1664 			t.Fatalf("parse error: %s", err)
 1665 		}
 1666 		err = tmpl.Execute(b, tc.data)
 1667 		if err == nil {
 1668 			t.Errorf("%s: expected error; got none", tc.name)
 1669 		} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantErr) {
 1670 			if *debug {
 1671 				fmt.Printf("%s: test execute error: %s\n", tc.name, err)
 1672 			}
 1673 			t.Errorf("%s: expected error:\n%s\ngot:\n%s", tc.name, tc.wantErr, err)
 1674 		}
 1675 	}
 1676 }
 1677 
 1678 // Issue 31810. Check that a parenthesized first argument behaves properly.
 1679 func TestIssue31810(t *testing.T) {
 1680 	t.Skip("broken in html/template")
 1681 
 1682 	// A simple value with no arguments is fine.
 1683 	var b bytes.Buffer
 1684 	const text = "{{ (.)  }}"
 1685 	tmpl, err := New("").Parse(text)
 1686 	if err != nil {
 1687 		t.Error(err)
 1688 	}
 1689 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, "result")
 1690 	if err != nil {
 1691 		t.Error(err)
 1692 	}
 1693 	if b.String() != "result" {
 1694 		t.Errorf("%s got %q, expected %q", text, b.String(), "result")
 1695 	}
 1696 
 1697 	// Even a plain function fails - need to use call.
 1698 	f := func() string { return "result" }
 1699 	b.Reset()
 1700 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, f)
 1701 	if err == nil {
 1702 		t.Error("expected error with no call, got none")
 1703 	}
 1704 
 1705 	// Works if the function is explicitly called.
 1706 	const textCall = "{{ (call .)  }}"
 1707 	tmpl, err = New("").Parse(textCall)
 1708 	b.Reset()
 1709 	err = tmpl.Execute(&b, f)
 1710 	if err != nil {
 1711 		t.Error(err)
 1712 	}
 1713 	if b.String() != "result" {
 1714 		t.Errorf("%s got %q, expected %q", textCall, b.String(), "result")
 1715 	}
 1716 }
 1717 
 1718 // Issue 39807. There was a race applying escapeTemplate.
 1719 
 1720 const raceText = `
 1721 {{- define "jstempl" -}}
 1722 var v = "v";
 1723 {{- end -}}
 1724 <script type="application/javascript">
 1725 {{ template "jstempl" $ }}
 1726 </script>
 1727 `
 1728 
 1729 func TestEscapeRace(t *testing.T) {
 1730 	tmpl := New("")
 1731 	_, err := tmpl.New("templ.html").Parse(raceText)
 1732 	if err != nil {
 1733 		t.Fatal(err)
 1734 	}
 1735 	const count = 20
 1736 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
 1737 		_, err := tmpl.New(fmt.Sprintf("x%d.html", i)).Parse(`{{ template "templ.html" .}}`)
 1738 		if err != nil {
 1739 			t.Fatal(err)
 1740 		}
 1741 	}
 1742 
 1743 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 1744 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 1745 		wg.Add(1)
 1746 		go func() {
 1747 			defer wg.Done()
 1748 			for j := 0; j < count; j++ {
 1749 				sub := tmpl.Lookup(fmt.Sprintf("x%d.html", j))
 1750 				if err := sub.Execute(io.Discard, nil); err != nil {
 1751 					t.Error(err)
 1752 				}
 1753 			}
 1754 		}()
 1755 	}
 1756 	wg.Wait()
 1757 }
 1758 
 1759 func TestRecursiveExecute(t *testing.T) {
 1760 	tmpl := New("")
 1761 
 1762 	recur := func() (htmltemplate.HTML, error) {
 1763 		var sb strings.Builder
 1764 		if err := tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(&sb, "subroutine", nil); err != nil {
 1765 			t.Fatal(err)
 1766 		}
 1767 		return htmltemplate.HTML(sb.String()), nil
 1768 	}
 1769 
 1770 	m := FuncMap{
 1771 		"recur": recur,
 1772 	}
 1773 
 1774 	top, err := tmpl.New("x.html").Funcs(m).Parse(`{{recur}}`)
 1775 	if err != nil {
 1776 		t.Fatal(err)
 1777 	}
 1778 	_, err = tmpl.New("subroutine").Parse(`<a href="/x?p={{"'a<b'"}}">`)
 1779 	if err != nil {
 1780 		t.Fatal(err)
 1781 	}
 1782 	if err := top.Execute(io.Discard, nil); err != nil {
 1783 		t.Fatal(err)
 1784 	}
 1785 }
 1786 
 1787 // recursiveInvoker is for TestRecursiveExecuteViaMethod.
 1788 type recursiveInvoker struct {
 1789 	t    *testing.T
 1790 	tmpl *Template
 1791 }
 1792 
 1793 func (r *recursiveInvoker) Recur() (string, error) {
 1794 	var sb strings.Builder
 1795 	if err := r.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(&sb, "subroutine", nil); err != nil {
 1796 		r.t.Fatal(err)
 1797 	}
 1798 	return sb.String(), nil
 1799 }
 1800 
 1801 func TestRecursiveExecuteViaMethod(t *testing.T) {
 1802 	tmpl := New("")
 1803 	top, err := tmpl.New("x.html").Parse(`{{.Recur}}`)
 1804 	if err != nil {
 1805 		t.Fatal(err)
 1806 	}
 1807 	_, err = tmpl.New("subroutine").Parse(`<a href="/x?p={{"'a<b'"}}">`)
 1808 	if err != nil {
 1809 		t.Fatal(err)
 1810 	}
 1811 	r := &recursiveInvoker{
 1812 		t:    t,
 1813 		tmpl: tmpl,
 1814 	}
 1815 	if err := top.Execute(io.Discard, r); err != nil {
 1816 		t.Fatal(err)
 1817 	}
 1818 }
 1819 
 1820 // Issue 43295.
 1821 func TestTemplateFuncsAfterClone(t *testing.T) {
 1822 	s := `{{ f . }}`
 1823 	want := "test"
 1824 	orig := New("orig").Funcs(map[string]any{
 1825 		"f": func(in string) string {
 1826 			return in
 1827 		},
 1828 	}).New("child")
 1829 
 1830 	overviewTmpl := Must(Must(orig.Clone()).Parse(s))
 1831 	var out strings.Builder
 1832 	if err := overviewTmpl.Execute(&out, want); err != nil {
 1833 		t.Fatal(err)
 1834 	}
 1835 	if got := out.String(); got != want {
 1836 		t.Fatalf("got %q; want %q", got, want)
 1837 	}
 1838 }